The Pros and Cons of Cloning essays

The Pros and Cons of Cloning essays In the past few years, the topic of cloning has been in the news a lot. It is a very controversial issue, with many opposing viewpoints. While some find it acceptable, others object for religious reasons. A big concern is the possibility of abuse of this new technology. One of the big questions is "Where will we stop?" We may start by just experimenting and studying, but then what? Manufacturing human bodies for spare parts? No one can be sure where it will stop. The Supreme court says that everyone has the right to make their own reproductive decisions without government interference, but now it is proposing bans on human cloning. These bans prevent the very research needed to make cloning safe (Eibert). So, it seems that the government is not giving human cloning a chance. There are many benefits to cloning in the fields of fertility, organ transplants, and fighting disease. Although there are many benefits, the possible effects and moral considerations are too great for us to con tinue experimentation. One of the major benefits of cloning technology is an improvement in the field of fertility. In vitro fertilization only has a success rate of about 10%. To improve effectiveness, doctors could clone embryos, and the success rate could drastically increase (Masci 413). Another benefit in the field of fertility is that parents unable to conceive naturally, even with invitro, or people too old to conceive, could still have a genetically related child (Masci 413-414). With cloning, egg and sperm would not be necessary for reproduction, because any body cell would work (Eibert). The resulting offspring would actually be a replica of one parent (Masci 413-414). Other benefits to using cloning come in the field of fighting disease. When genes are not in use, they become dormant. In order for cloning to take place, all genes must be active. Discovering how genes are turned on and off could lead to treatment for different c ...

How to Make Colored Flowers

How to Make Colored Flowers Its easy to make your own colored flowers, especially carnations and daisies, but there are a couple of tricks that help ensure great results. Heres how you do it. Tips Materials: Light-colored flowers, food coloring, waterConcepts Illustrated: Evaporation, cohesion, xylem, capillary actionTime Required: Few hours to a dayExperience Level: Beginner Colored Flower Materials Fresh flowers, preferably white - Dont use wilted flowers since they might not be able to absorb water well. Good choices include daisies and carnations.Food coloringWarm water You can use other colors of flowers besides white. Just keep in mind the final color of the flower will be a mix of the nature pigments in the flower and the dye. Also, many flower pigments are pH indicators, so you can simply change the color of some flowers by putting them into water with baking soda (a base) or lemon juice/vinegar (common weak acids). Make Colored Flowers Trim the stems of your flowers so they arent excessively long.Make a slanted cut at the base of the stem under water. The cut is slanted so that the stem wont sit flat on the bottom of the container. A flat cut can prevent the flower from taking in water. Make the cut underwater to prevent air bubbles from forming in the tiny tubes at base of the stem, which would prevent water/color from being drawn up.Add food coloring to a glass. Youre looking at about 20-30 drops of food coloring per half cup of warm water. Warm water will be taken more readily than cold water.Set the damp stem of the flower in the colored water. The petals should become colored after a few hours. It may take as long as 24 hours, however, depending on the flower.You can set the colored flowers in plain water or flower preservative, but they will continue to drink water, changing the pattern of the color over time. Getting Fancy You can slit the stem up the middle and put each side in a different color to get bi-colored flowers. What do you think you will get if you put half of the stem in blue dye and half in yellow dye? What do you think will happen if you take a colored flower and put its stem in dye of a different color? How It Works A few different processes are involved in plant drinking or transpiration. As water evaporates from flowers and leaves, the attractive force between water molecules called cohesion pulls more water along. Water is pulled up through tiny tubes (xylem) that run up a plants stem. Although gravity might want to pull the water back down toward the ground, water sticks to itself and these tubes. This capillary action keeps water in the xylem in much the same way as water stays in a straw when you suck water through it, except evaporation and biochemical reactions provide the initial upward pull.